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Configuring and Monitoring
TCP/IP Host Services

This document describes how to configure the TCP/IP host services protocol and how to use the TCP/IP host configuration and monitoring commands. It includes the following sections:

Accessing the TCP/IP Host Configuration Environment

Bridge-only Management

Basic Configuration Procedures

TCP/IP Host Commands

Accessing the TCP/IP Host Configuration Environment

To access the TCP/IP host configuration prompt, enter protocol hst at the Config> prompt.

Config>protocol hst
TCP/IP-Host Services user configuration
TCP/IP-Host config>
To access the TCP/IP host monitoring prompt, enter protocol hst at the + prompt.

+ protocol hst
TCP/IP-Host Services user configuration
TCP/IP-Host>

Bridge-only Management

TCP/IP host services let you configure and monitor a bridge when routing functions are disabled. This feature gives you the following capabilities:

Bridge-only management is activated by assigning an IP address to the bridge and enabling TCP/IP host services. This IP address belongs to the bridge as a whole, instead of a single interface. When booting over the network, the bridge's IP address and a default gateway can be learned automatically through the ROMCOMM interface with the boot proms. Default gateway assignments may also be user-configured.

TCP/IP host services is available whenever bridging is an option in the router software load. These services co-exist with the IP routing functionality but do not require that IP routing be present.

Basic Configuration Procedures

The following sections describe the basic configuration procedures for enabling TCP/IP host services.

1. Assign an IP address to the router.

Use the set ip-host address command. This IP address is associated with the router as a whole, instead of a single interface. 

TCP/IP-Host config>set ip-host address
IP-Host address [0.0.0.0]? 10.1.130.98
Address mask [255.0.0.0]? 
IP-Host address set.
2. Optionally, configure the router as a default gateway. As default gateway, it is the static (permanent) authoritative router that receives all packets with destinations not in the routing table.

Use add default-gateway for static routing, for example, as a precaution against power failures, or in cases when routing information cannot be obtained dynamically. 

TCP/IP-Host config>add default-gateway
Default-Gateway address [0.0.0.0]? 101.25.3.1
3. Enable TCP/IP host services. 

TCP/IP-Host config>enable services

TCP/IP Host Commands

This section summarizes and explains the TCP/IP host configuration and monitoring commands.

[C] means the command is available at the HST config> prompt.

[M] means the command is available at the HST> prompt.

Not all parameters apply to all router platforms. Press Space twice after you type a command to display the available parameters for each command for your router. Enter help for information about using the command line interface.

Table 1 TCP/IP Host Commands
Command Task Function
Add [C] Configure

 Adds a default gateway.

Delete [C] Configure

 Deletes a default gateway.

Disable [C] Configure

 Disables TCP/IP host services, router discovery processes, and RIP listening.

Dump [M] Monitor

 Displays the current IP routing table. One line is printed for each destination.

Enable [C] Configure

 Enables TCP/IP host services, router discovery processes, and RIP listening.

Exit [C] [M] Configure/Monitor

 Exits the TCP/IP host configuration or monitoring process.

Interface [M] Monitor

 Displays the IP addresses configured for each interface.

List [C] Configure

 Lists the current TCP/IP Host configuration.

Ping [M] Monitor

 Continuously pings a given destination, printing a line for each response received.

Routers [M] Monitor

 Displays the list of all IP routers known to the bridging router.

Set [C] Configure

 Sets the router's IP address.

Traceroute [M] Monitor

 Displays the hop-by-hop route to a given destination.

Add [C]

Adds default gateways (routers) to your configuration. When you designate a router as the default gateway, it exists as the static authoritative router that receives all packets having destinations not found in the routing table.

Default gateways send packets to IP destinations that are off the local connection. The routing table is then built up through redirect processing. An attempt is made to detect routers that disappear. If the router is a CNX 500 and has booted over the the network (via TFTP/BootP), then the default gateway is configured using the information from the booting process.

Obtaining default gateway information via the booting process is applicable to the CNX 500 only. It does not apply to a CNX 500 booted with an IBD.

Syntax: add default-gateway IP-address

Example: add default-gateway

Default-Gateway address [0.0.0.0]?

Delete [C]

Deletes default gateways from your configuration. Enter the IP address of the default gateway you want to remove after the delete command.

Syntax: delete default-gateway IP-address

Example: delete default-gateway 

Enter address to be deleted [0.0.0.0]?

Disable [C]

Disables the following TCP/IP functions:

Syntax: disable

rip-listening
router-discovery
services

rip-listening

 Disables the building of routing table entries gathered by listening to the RIP protocol. By default, RIP-listening is disabled.

Example: disable rip-listening

router-discovery

Disables the ability to learn default gateways by receiving ICMP Router discovery messages. By default, router discovery is enabled.

Example: disable router-discovery

services

Disables the TCP/IP host services protocol entirely. By default, TCP/IP host services are enabled.

Example: disable services

Dump [M]

Displays the current IP routing table. One line is printed for each destination. Many of the entries are the result of ICM redirects.

Syntax: dump

Example: dump

Type   Dest net         Mask     Cost Age  Next hop(s)    

Stat   0.0.0.0          00000000  0    0    128.185.142.47  
Dir*  128.185.142.0     FFFFFF00  1    0    BDG/0           

Default gateway in use.
Type Cost Age  Next hop
Stat 0    0    128.185.142.47  

Routing table size: 768 nets (43008 bytes), 2 nets known
Type (route type)

 Indicates how the route was derived.

Sbnt— network is subnetted; such an entry is a placeholder only.

 Dir— indicates a directly connected network or subnet.

 RIP— the route was learned through the RIP protocol.

Del— the route has been deleted.

Stat— statically configured.

EGP— route learned through the EGP protocol.

 EGPR— routes learned through the EGP protocol that are readvertised by OSPF and RIP.

 Fltr— routing filter.

 SPF— route is an OSPF intra-area route.

 SPIA— an OSPF inter-area routes.

 SPE1, SPE2— OSPF external routes (type 1 and 2 respectively).

 Rnge— route type that is an active OSPF area address range and is not used in forwarding packets.

Dest net

 IP address of the destination network/subnet.

Mask

 IP address mask.

Cost

 Route Cost.

Age

 Time elapsed since the routing table entry was last refreshed for RIP and EGP routes.

Next Hop

 IP address of the next router on the path toward the destination host. Also displays the interface type used by the sending router to forward the packet.

Default gateway

 IP address of the default gateway along with the route type, cost, age, and next hop information associated with that entry.

Routing table size

 Size (in networks and kilobytes) of the current table. Also identifies the number of networks (nets) known to the host.

Enable [C]

Enables the following TCP/IP functions:

Syntax: enable

rip-listening
router-discovery
services

rip-listening

Enables the building of routing table entries gathered by the bridge listening to the RIP protocol. RIP-listening is disabled by default.

Example: enable rip-listening

router-discovery

Enables the learning of default gateways through reception of ICMP Router Discovery messages. By default, router discovery is enabled.

Example: enable router-discovery

services

Enables the TCP/IP host services protocol. By default, TCP/IP host services are enabled.

Example: enable services

Exit [C] [M]

Returns to the previous prompt level.

Syntax: exit

Example: exit

Interface [M]

Lists the IP addresses configured for the router. When TCP/IP host services are running over the bridge, a single address displays as BDG/0.

Syntax: interface

Example: interface

Interface   IP Address(es)        Mask     
   
  BDG/0     128.185.142.16        255.255.255.0
Interface

 When TCP/IP host services are running over the bridge, displays a single address as BDG/0. When services are disabled, displays interfaces with their corresponding numbers.

IP Address

 IP address of the TCP/IP host services interface.

Mask

 IP address subnet mask.

List [C]

Displays information about the current TCP/IP Host configuration.

Syntax: list all

Example: list all

IP-Host IP address : 128.185.142.1
Address mask : 255.255.255.0   

Default Gateway IP-address(es)
128.185.142.47 

TCP/IP-Host Services Enabled.

RIP-LISTENING Disabled.

Router Discovery Enabled
.
IP-Host IP address

Current IP-Host IP address.

Address mask

Current IP-Host IP subnet address mask.

Default Gateway IP-address(es)

Current default gateway IP address.

TCP/IP host services

Displays whether TCP/IP host services is enabled or disabled.

RIP-LISTENING

Displays whether RIP-LISTENING is enabled or disabled.

Router Discovery

Displays whether Router Discovery is enabled or disabled.

Ping [M]

Instructs the router to send ICMP Echo Requests to a destination once a second and watch for a response. Use this command to isolate trouble in an internetwork environment.

This process is done continuously, incrementing the ICMP sequence number with each additional packet. Matching received ICMP Echo responses are reported with their sequence number and the round-trip time. The granularity (time resolution) of the round-trip time calculation is usually (depending on platform) around 20 milliseconds. Pinging stops when you type a character. At that time, a summary of packet loss, round-trip time, and number of ICMP destination unreachables received is displayed.

When you enter a multicast address as destination, there may be multiple responses printed for each packet sent, one for each group member. Each returned response is displayed with the source address of the responder.

The size of the ping (number of data bytes in the ICMP message, excluding the ICMP header) is 56 bytes, and the TTL used is 60.

Syntax: ping interface-address

Example: ping 128.185.142.11

PING 128.185.142.11: 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 128.185.142.11: icmp_seq=0. time=0. ms
64 bytes from 128.185.142.11: icmp_seq=1. time=0. ms
64 bytes from 128.185.142.11: icmp_seq=2. time=0. ms
64 bytes from 128.185.142.11: icmp_seq=3. time=0. ms
64 bytes from 128.185.142.11: icmp_seq=4. time=0. ms
64 bytes from 128.185.142.11: icmp_seq=5. time=0. ms

----128.185.142.11 PING Statistics----
6 packets transmitted, 6 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip (ms)  min/avg/max = 0/0/0

Routers [M]

Displays a list of all IP routers known to the router. Routers can be learned through

Each router is listed with its origin, its priority (used when selecting the default route), and its lifetime (the number of seconds before the router is declared invalid unless it is heard from again).

Syntax: routers

Example: routers

Set [C]

Sets the router's IP address. You must assign an IP address before enabling TCP/IP host services.

If the IP address is not already configured, it is set (by default) using boot information. This process applies only to the CNX 500 and only if it is a network host.

Syntax: set ip-host address IP-host-address

Example: set ip-host address 

IP-Host address [0.0.0.0]? 123.45.67.89
Address mask [255.255.0.0]?

Traceroute [M]

Displays the entire path to a destination, hop by hop. For each successive hop, traceroute sends three probes and displays the IP address of the responder along with the round-trip time associated with the response. If a probe receives no response, it displays an asterisk. Each line in the display relates to this set of three probes, with the leftmost number indicating the distance from the router executing the command (in router hops).

The trace route is complete when either the destination is reached, an ICMP Destination Unreachable message is received, or the path length reaches 32 router hops.

Syntax: traceroute interface-address

Example: traceroute 128.185.142.239

TRACEROUTE 128.185.142.239: 56 data bytes
   1 128.185.142.7 16 ms 0 ms 0 ms
   2 128.185.123.22 16 ms 0 ms 16 ms
   3 * * *
   4 * * *
   5 128.185.124.110 16 ms ! 0 ms ! 0 ms !

When a probe receives an unexpected result (see the above output example), several indicators can be printed. These indicators are explained in the following table.
IN

An ICMP Destination Unreachable (net unreachable) has been received.

!H

An ICMP Destination Unreachable (host unreachable) has been received.

!P

An ICMP Destination Unreachable (protocol unreachable) has been received.

!

The destination has been reached, but the reply sent by the destination has been received with a TTL of 1. This usually indicates an error in the destination, prevalent in some versions of UNIX, whereby the destination is inserting the probe's TTL in its replies. This unfortunately leads to a number of lines consisting solely of asterisks before the destination is finally reached.


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