Monitoring the System

What is MONITOR?

The monitoring mode, MONITOR, is a second-level process of the router user interface. Using MONITOR commands, you can do the following:

List the protocols and interfaces currently configured in the router.
Display memory and network statistics.
Set current Event Logging System (ELS) parameters.
Test a specified device.
Test a network interface.
Communicate with third-level processes, including protocol environments.
Enable and disable interfaces.

MONITOR fits into the router software structure as shown in Figure 1

Figure 1 MONITOR in the Router Software Structure

The MONITOR process (+ prompt) is made up of lower-level processes. Each lower-level process has its own prompt.

If you want to know where you are, press Enter to display the prompt. Some commands, event, network, and protocol, allow you to access the various lower-level processes in MONITOR.

Entering and Exiting MONITOR

To enter MONITOR (+ prompt) from the * prompt, type monitor.

*monitor
+

The + prompt appears. If the prompt does not appear, press Enter again. You can now enter MONITOR commands.

To exit MONITOR and return to the * prompt, press the intercept character (the default is Ctrl p).

MONITOR Commands

This section describes each of the MONITOR commands. Press Space twice after you type a command to display the available parameters for each command for your router. Enter help for information about using the command line interface.

Table 1 MONITOR Command Summary
Command	Function
Authentication	Enters a sub-menu process (`Auth>`) for modifying authentication parameters.
Change	Changes the log level.
Clear	Clears interface statistics.
Disable	Disables device, interface, or system options, such as command completion.
Enable	Enables system options, such as command completion.
Event	Enters the Event Logging System environment.
Feature	Provides access to monitoring commands for independent router features outside the usual protocol and network interface monitoring processes.
List	Lists devices, interfaces, services, stacks, and other configuration parameters.
Network	Enters the console environment of the specified interface.
Protocol	Enters the command environment of the specified protocol.
Test	Enables a disabled device or interface or tests the specified device or interface.

Authentication

Accesses the Auth> prompt where you can modify authentication parameters in the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) environmen

RADIUS is a security system that uses a client-server approach to authenticate remote users. RADIUS authenticates users through a series of challenges and responses that the client relays between the server and the user.

See the GTSecure RADIUS Authentication Guide available on the OpenROUTE Networks Web Site at www.openroute.com for information about RADIUS.

Syntax: authentication

Example: authentication

Auth>

Commands to dynamically configure authentication parameters.
All commands take effect immediately and can be explicitly saved.

The choices/prefixes are (a complete list):

add -- Add a RADIUS server.
delete (disabled) -- Delete a RADIUS server.
set (disabled) -- Set authentication parameters.
enable (disabled) -- Enable router authentication features.
disable (disabled) -- Disable router authentication features.
list -- List authentication parameters.
revert (disabled) -- Restore configuration from saved configuration
save (disabled) -- Save active configuration.
exit -- Exit authentication configuration.

Change

Changes the log level.

Syntax: change

log

log

Changes the log level.

Example: change log

Log lvl: 76

Clear

Deletes statistical information on one or all of the router's network interfaces from the console terminal. Use this command to track changes in large counters. Clearing statistics does not save space or speed up the router, however.

Syntax: clear

Example: clear

Clear network statistics? (Yes or No): Yes

Disable

Disables command completion, a device, or an interface. Packets are not forwarded to disabled interfaces or devices.

Syntax: disable

command-completion
device
interface

Interface number [1]? 1

Enable

Enables system options.

Syntax: enable

command-completion

command-completion

Turns the command-completion feature on if you disabled it. The default is enable. After you type enable command-completion, the software automatically finishes typing the complete command after you enter only a unique part.

Example: enable command-completion

Event

Accesses the ELS> prompt and puts you in the Event Logging System (ELS) environment where you can set up temporary message filters for troubleshooting purposes. All changes you make in ELS take effect immediately but go away when the router is re-initialized.

Syntax: event

Example: event

Event Logging System user console
ELS>

Feature

Lets you get to the specific router features outside the protocol and network interface processes. Press Space twice after feature to get a list of the features available for your software release.

You need to enable the feature at the Config> prompt before monitoring it. See Feature for the feature numbers, short name, and directions for enabling the features.

Syntax: feature

wrr
mcf

wrr

WAN Reroute (WRR) lets you set up an alternate route so that if a primary link fails, the router automatically initiates a new connection to the destination through the alternate route.

Example: feature wrr

Feature WRR is available but not enabled

mcf

Accesses the MAC filtering (MCF) monitoring prompt (Filter>).

Example: feature mcf

MAC Filtering user console

Filter>

List

Lists status commands.

Syntax: list

boot
buffer
configuration
devices
error
interfaces
memory
queue
services
stacks
statistics
uptime
utilization

boot

Displays boot information for your router.

Example: list boot

Booted using Ethernet as 128.185.227.22
Filename loads/last-r30.gt72.ldc
Host 128.185.210.125, Gateway 128.185.227.15


Method of booting	In this example, Ethernet.
Loadname	Name of the file that has the load image.

buffer

Lists the buffer size characteristics for each installed device.

Example: list buffer

Input Buffers Buffer sizes Bytes
Nt Device Req Alloc Low Curr Hdr Wrap Data Trail Total Alloc
0 DEV0 30 30 10 30 16 42 1500 10 1568 47040
1 DEV1 6 6 4 6 14 42 2304 0 2360 14160


Nt	Network interface number associated with the software.
Device	Physical device's name.
Input Buffers:
Req	Number of buffers requested.
Alloc	Number of buffers allocated.
Low	Low water mark (flow control).
Curr	Current number of buffers on this interface. The value is 0 if the interface is disabled. When a packet is received, if the value of Curr is below Low, then the packet is eligible for flow control. See the queue command for conditions.
Buffer Sizes:
Hdr	Sum of the maximum hardware, MAC (Medium Access Control), and data link headers.
Wrap	Allowance given for MAC, LLC, or network layer headers due to protocol wrapping.
Data	Maximum data link layer packet size.
Trail	Sum of the largest MAC and hardware trailers.
Total	Overall size of each packet buffer.
Bytes Alloc	Amount of buffer memory for this interface. This value is determined by multiplying the values of Alloc x Total.

configuration

Displays the overview of the current configuration of the router. The networks list below shows the interfaces within the router.

Example: list configuration

Portable AMD29030 C Gateway [westboro] S/N 1064
OpenROUTE (tm) 3.0[Y178]
Boot ROM version 1.11
Watchdog timer disabled
Auto-boot switch enabled
Date: 09:41:28 Wednesday April 9, 1997
DTE Console baud rate: 9600
DCE Console baud rate: 9600

Num Name Protocol
0 IP DOD-IP
3 ARP Address Resolution
11 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
27 XTP X.25 Transport Protocol

Num Name Feature
2 MCF MAC Filtering

7 Networks:
Net Interface MAC/Data-Link Protocol Stack State
0 Eth/0 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 ETH0-0 Up
1 TKR/0 Token-Ring/802.5 TKR1-0 Down
2 TKR/1 Token-Ring/802.5 TKR1-1 Down
3 PPP/0 Point to Point INT3:PPP:DIAL:SL:WAN2-0 Up
4 FR/0 Frame Relay INT4:FRLANE:FRMGR:SL:WAN2-1 Down
5 PPP/1 Point to Point INT5:PPP:SL:WAN2-2 Down
6 PPP/2 Point to Point INT6:PPP:SL:WAN2-3 Down

Note: The exact sequence of information may vary from one router to another.

The configuration display also provides the following information:

The first line displays the type of router, its user configured name, and its software serial number.
The second line displays the version of software that is currently running on the router.
The third line displays the version of the Boot PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) that is currently installed in the router and the current settings of the watchdog timer and autoboot switches.
The fourth line displays the date and time and the console baud rate.

There is a list of configured protocols, features, and networks.


Protocols:
Num	Number associated with the protocol.
Name	Abbreviated name of the protocol.
Protocol	Full name of the protocol.
Features:
Num	Number associated with the feature.
Name	Abbreviated name of the feature.
Feature	Full name of the feature.
Networks:
Net	Network number that the software assigns to the interface. Networks are numbered starting at 0.
Interface	Name of the interface and the connector number on the card that the interface uses.
MAC/ Data-Link	Type of MAC/Data Link configured for that interface.
Protocol Stacks	The stacks configured on the router.
State	Current state of the network interface. Testing The interface is undergoing a self-test. Occurs when you first start the router and when it detects a problem on the interface. Once the interface is on the network, it periodically sends out test packets to ensure that it is still functioning properly. If the test fails, the router removes the interface from the network and runs the self-test to ensure its integrity. If a failure occurs during self-test, the router declares the network to be down. If the self-test is successful, the router declares the network to be up. Up The interface is operational and connected. Down The interface is not operational and has failed a self-test. The router retests the network at increasing intervals beginning at five seconds, until the router does not test the interface any more (approx. two minutes). Disabled The + disable command or the `Config>` disable command has temporarily or permanently disabled the interface. The + disable command is temporary and goes away when the router is re-initialized. The `Config>` disable command is permanent and stays across router re-initialization. You can enable the network with + test command. HW Failure The bootup diagnostics encountered errors when testing the hardware of this particular interface. You cannot use this interface. Call customer service. Not installed Either no interface is present in the router, or the device is improperly configured.
State

devices

Lists devices.

Example: list devices

Device Hardware CSR Vector State
LAN SCC Ethernet 81600 94 Up
WAN Basic Rate ISDN 81620 93 Down

error

Displays error statistics for the network. This command provides error counters.

Example: list error

Input Input Input Input Output Output
Nt Interface Discards Errors Unk Proto Flow Drop Discards Errors
0 Eth/0 0 0 106 0 0 0
1 PPP/0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Nt	Network number associated with an interface.
Interface	Interface name.
Input Discards	Number of packets successfully received.
Input Errors	Number of packets found to be defective at the data link.
Input Unk Proto	Number of packets received for an unknown protocol.
Input Flow Drop	Number of packets received that are flow controlled on output.
Output Discards	Number of packets that the router chose to discard rather than transmit due to flow control.
Output Errors	Number of output errors, such as attempts to send over a network that is down or over a network that went down during transmission.

Note: The sum of the discarded output packets is not the same as input flow drops over all networks. Discarded output packets may indicate locally originated packets.

interfaces

Displays the statistics for each layer of the protocol stack.

Example: list interfaces

Self-Test Self-Test Maintenance
Nt Interface Passed Failed Failed
0 Eth/0 1 0 0
1 TKR/0 0 2285 0
2 TKR/1 0 2285 0
3 NULL/0 0 0 0
4 PPP/1 0 0 0
5 PPP/2 0 0 0
6 PPP/3 0 0 0

Note: The screen display varies depending on the router and the device.


Nt	Network number.
Interface	Interface name.
Self-Test Passed	Number of times self-test succeeded (state of interface changes from down to up).
Self-Test Failed	Number of times self-test failed (state of interface changes from up to down).
Maintenance Failed	Number of maintenance failures.

memory

Displays the current CPU memory usage in bytes, the number of buffers, and the packet sizes.

To use this command, free memory must be available. The number of free packet buffers may drop to zero, resulting in the loss of some incoming packets; this does not adversely affect router operations. The number of free buffers should remain constant when the router is idle. If it does not, contact your Customer Service representative.

Example: list memory

Total Reserve Never Perm Temp Prev
Alloc Alloc Alloc Alloc
Heap memory 3616295 157672 3331851 164076 101240 19128
Buffer memory 2097024 20544 954416 1142608

Number of global buffers: Total = 400, Free = 400, Fair = 103, Low = 80
Global buff size: Data = 2052, Hdr = 82, Wrap = 92, Trail = 30, Total = 2260


Heap memory	Amount of memory used to dynamically allocate data structures.
Buffer memory	Amount of memory allocated to store network packets.
Total	Total amount of space available for allocation for memory.
Reserve	Minimum amount of memory needed by the currently configured protocols and features.
Never Alloc	Memory that has never been allocated.
Perm Alloc	Memory requested permanently by router tasks.
Temp Alloc	Memory allocated temporarily to router tasks.
Prev Alloc	Memory allocated temporarily and returned.
Number of global buffers:
Total	Total number of global buffers in the system.
Free	Number of global buffers available.
Fair	Fair number of buffers for each interface.
Low	Number of free buffers at which the allocation strategy changes to conserve buffers. If the value of Free is less than Low, then buffers are not placed on any queue that has more than the Fair number of buffers in it.
Global buff size:	Global buffer size.
Data	Maximum data link packet size of any interface.
Hdr	Sums of the maximum hardware, MAC, and data link headers.
Wrap	Allowance given for MAC, LLC, or network layer headers due to protocol wrapping.
Trail	Sum of the largest MAC and hardware trailers.
Total	Overall size of each packet buffer.

queue

Displays the packet queues length statistics. Statistics are tracked for each installed device.

Example: list queue

Input Queue Output Queue
Nt Device Alloc Low Curr Fair Curr
0 DEV0 30 10 30 30 0
1 DEV1 6 4 6 4 0


Nt	Network interface number associated with the software.
Device	Hardware device name.
Input Queue:
Alloc	Number of buffers allocated to this device.
Low	Low water mark for flow control on this device.
Curr	Current number of buffers on this device. The value is 0 if the device is disabled.
Output Queue:
Fair	Fair level for the length of the output queue on this device.
Curr	Number of packets currently waiting to be transmitted on this device. For locally originated packets, the eligibility discard depends on the global low water mark described in the memory command.

The router attempts to keep at least the Low value packets available for receiving over an interface. If the router receives a packet and the value of Curr is less than Low, then the packet is subject to flow control. If a buffer subject to flow control is on this device and the Curr level is greater than Fair, the router drops the buffer instead of queueing. The error command displays the dropped buffer in its Output Discards column.

Due to the scheduling algorithms of the router, the dynamic numbers of Curr (particularly the Input Queue Curr) may not be fully representative of typical values during packet forwarding. The console code runs only when the input queues have been drained. Thus, Input Queue Curr is generally nonzero only when those packets are waiting on slow transmit queues.

services

Lists the services currently enabled on the router.

Example: list services

Service Description
------- -----------
DIAL Dial Serial Interface
FRLANE Frame Relay LAN Emulation
FRMGR Frame Relay Manager
FRVC Frame Relay Virtual Circuit
HSSI High-Speed Serial Interface
INT3 Interface 3
INT4 Interface 4
INT5 Interface 5
INT6 Interface 6
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
SL Serial Line

stacks

Displays all of the protocol stacks in the router, whether created manually or automatically.

Example: list stacks

Stack Creator State ID Service List
----- ------- ----- -- ------------
BASE-3 Router Closed 3 SL:SL2-0
FRAME-3 Router Closed 3 FRMGR:BASE-3
invmux User Closed 128 int1:ppp:(sl:wan1)&(sl:wan2)
NET-3 Router Closed 3 INT3:FRVC:FRAME-3


Stack	Stack name.
Creator	Indicates who defined each protocol stack: the router or the user.
State	Open or closed. Open Available to accept calls (on dial-oriented WANs such as ISDN), and, if a call is in progress, an open stack can transfer data packets. Closed Equivalent to a disabled interface. It cannot transfer data packets.
ID	Configuration ID.
xService List	The building blocks used to assemble protocol stacks.

statistics

Displays the summary statistics for all interfaces.

Example: list statistics

Nt Interface Unicast Multicast Bytes Packets Bytes
Pkts Rcv Pkts Rcv Received Trans Trans
0 Eth/0 0 0 0 0 0
1 PPP/0 0 0 0 0


Nt	Network number associated with an interface.
Interface	Interface name.
Unicast Pkts Rcv	Number of non-multicast, non-broadcast, specifically addressed packets at the MAC layer.
Multicast Pkts Rcv	Number of multicast or broadcast packets received.
Bytes Received	Number of bytes received at this interface at the MAC layer.
Packets Trans	Number of packets of unicast, multicast, or broadcast type transmitted.
Bytes Trans	Number of bytes transmitted at the MAC layer.

uptime

Displays time statistics about the router, including the following:

Number of restarts
Number of known crashes
When the router was last reloaded or restarted
Time elapsed since the last reload
The time elapsed since the last restart

Example: list uptime

1 start, (0 known crashes) Last: Reloaded

Last Reload: 4 hours, 46 minutes ago
Last Restart: 4 hours, 46 minutes ago

utilization

Displays the utilization percentages for the router's interfaces.

Example: list utilization

Mean Last High Mean Last High
Xmt Xmt Xmt Rcv Rcv Rcv Total Total
Nt Interface Util Util Util Util Util Util Traps Intervals
-- --------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------- ----------
0 Eth/0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 0
1 TKR/0 22% 9% 47% 13% 15% 30% 0 2867
2 PPP/1 51% 100% 100% 19% 26% 26% 304 5444
3 PPP/2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 0
4 PPP/3 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 0


Mean values	Averages measured across all recorded intervals.
Total traps	Number of unique SNMP traps, not including the number of duplicate traps.

Network

Puts you in the process for the specified network. This command gets the monitoring prompt for the specified interface. From the prompt, you can display statistical information.

Type list interface at the + prompt to see the networks for which the router is configured.

Self-Test Self-Test Maintenance
Nt Interface Passed Failed Failed
0 Eth/0 1 0 0
1 PPP/0 0 0 0
2 PPP/1 0 0 0
3 PPP/2 0 0 0

Type network network number at the + prompt to display the appropriate prompt for the particular interface.

Syntax: network network #

Example: network 0

ETH>

To exit the interface prompt, type exit. The + prompt appears.

ETH>exit
+

Press ctrl p to return to the * prompt.

Protocol

Puts you in the command environment for the protocol software installed in your router. The protocol command followed by the desired protocol number or short name lets you enter a protocol's command environment. After you enter this command, the prompt of the specified protocol appears. From the prompt, you can enter commands specific to that protocol. Table 4 lists the protocol numbers and short names.

To enter a protocol command environment,

1. Type protocol ? to see a list of the protocols configured on your router.

IP
ARP
SNMP
AP2
BRIDGE
HST

2. Type the desired protocol name or number. The prompt of the specified protocol appears. From the prompt, you can type the protocol specific commands.

Protocol name or number [IP]? ip 
IP>

3. Type exit to return to the + prompt.

IP>exit
+

Syntax: protocol protocol# or protocol name

Example: protocol ip

IP>

Test

Tests a device or an interface. If a device test is successful, then all interfaces that it hosts are enabled to place or receive calls. If the test of an interface is successful, then the interface is usable by the forwarders.

Syntax: test

device
interface

device

The following example shows the test result for device number 1.

Example: test device

Name of device?wan1
Testing device WAN1...successful

Since the test passed, device number 1 is enabled. Every dial circuit interface that uses device 1 can place or accept calls. If the test fails, then every interface that uses the specified device is automatically disabled.

interface

The following example shows the test result for interface number 1.

Example: test interface

Interface number [0]? 1
Testing net 1 PPP/0...successful

Interface number 1 is tested by resetting any connection that is active between that interface and another remote router. Assuming this interface is configured to make outbound calls, a new connection (call) is placed to reconnect to the remote router.

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Monitoring the System

Entering and Exiting MONITOR

MONITOR Commands

What is MONITOR?

Table 1 MONITOR Command Summary

Change

log

Clear

Disable

command-completion

interface

Enable

command-completion

Feature

wrr

mcf

List

boot

devices

error

interfaces

memory

stacks

utilization

Test

device