Monitoring the System

This document describes the monitoring process and includes the following sections:

What is MONITOR?

The monitoring mode, MONITOR, is a second-level process of the router user interface. Using MONITOR commands, you can do the following:

List the protocols and interfaces currently configured in the router.
Display memory and network statistics.
Set current Event Logging System (ELS) parameters.
Test a specified device.
Test a network interface.
Communicate with third-level processes, including protocol environments.
Enable and disable interfaces.

MONITOR fits into the router software structure as shown in Figure 1

Figure 1 MONITOR in the Router Software Structure

The MONITOR process (Monitor> prompt) is made up of lower-level processes. Each lower-level process has its own prompt.

If you want to know where you are, press Enter to display the prompt. Some commands, event, network, and protocol, allow you to access the various lower-level processes in MONITOR.

Entering and Exiting MONITOR

To enter MONITOR (Monitor> prompt) from the * prompt, type monitor.

*monitor
Monitor>

The Monitor> prompt appears. If the prompt does not appear, press Enter again. You can now enter MONITOR commands.

To exit MONITOR and return to the * prompt, press the intercept character (the default is Ctrl p).

MONITOR Commands

This section describes each of the MONITOR commands. Press Space twice after you type a command to display the available parameters for each command for your router. Enter help for information about using the command line interface.

Table 1 MONITOR Command Summary
Command	Function
Authentication	Enters a sub-menu process (`Auth>`) for modifying authentication parameters.
Change	Changes the log level.
Clear	Clears interface statistics.
Disable	Disables device, interface, or system options, such as command completion.
Enable	Enables system options, such as command completion.
Event	Enters the Event Logging System environment.
Feature	Provides access to monitoring commands for independent router features outside the usual protocol and network interface monitoring processes.
List	Lists devices, interfaces, services, stacks, and other configuration parameters.
Network	Enters the console environment of the specified interface.
Protocol	Enters the command environment of the specified protocol.
Test	Enables a disabled device or interface or tests the specified device or interface.

Authentication

Accesses the Auth> prompt where you can modify authentication parameters in the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) environmen

RADIUS is a security system that uses a client-server approach to authenticate remote users. RADIUS authenticates users through a series of challenges and responses that the client relays between the server and the user.

See the GTSecure RADIUS Authentication Guide available on the Nx Networks Web Site at www.nxnetworks.com for information about RADIUS.

Syntax: authentication

Example: authentication

Auth>

   Commands to dynamically configure authentication parameters.
   All commands take effect immediately and can be explicitly saved.

The choices/prefixes are (a complete list):

 add                 -- Add a RADIUS server.
 delete  (disabled)  -- Delete a RADIUS server.
 set     (disabled)  -- Set authentication parameters.
 enable  (disabled)  -- Enable router authentication features.
 disable (disabled)  -- Disable router authentication features.
 list                -- List authentication parameters.
 revert  (disabled)  -- Restore configuration from saved configuration
 save    (disabled)  -- Save active configuration.
 exit                -- Exit authentication configuration.

Change

Changes the log level.

Syntax: change

log

log

Changes the log level.

Example: change log

Log lvl: 76

Clear

Deletes statistical information on one or all of the router's network interfaces from the console terminal. Use this command to track changes in large counters. Clearing statistics does not save space or speed up the router, however.

Syntax: clear

Example: clear

Clear network statistics? (Yes or No): Yes

Disable

Disables command completion, a device, or an interface. Packets are not forwarded to disabled interfaces or devices.

Syntax: disable

command-completion
device
interface

command-completion

Turns off the command-completion feature. After you type disable command-completion, the software no longer automatically finishes typing the complete command after you enter only a unique part. The default is enable.

Example: disable command-completion

device

Disables a selected physical device. A disabled physical device does not pass packets for any of its client interfaces. For example, if interfaces 1 and 2 share device 1, when device 1 is disabled, interfaces 1 and 2 are both inactive.

Note: Unlike WAN interfaces, there is a fixed one-to-one mapping between LAN devices and interfaces such as the Ethernet. Disable interface and disable device are synonymous on LAN devices.

Example: disable device

Name of the device? wan

interface

Disables a selected interface. Once disabled, this interface cannot operate as the source or destination for packets.

Example: disable interface

Interface number [1]? 1

Enable

Enables system options.

Syntax: enable

command-completion

command-completion

Turns the command-completion feature on if you disabled it. The default is enable. After you type enable command-completion, the software automatically finishes typing the complete command after you enter only a unique part.

Example: enable command-completion

Event

Accesses the ELS> prompt and puts you in the Event Logging System (ELS) environment where you can set up temporary message filters for troubleshooting purposes. All changes you make in ELS take effect immediately but go away when the router is re-initialized.

Syntax: event

Example: event

Event Logging System user console
ELS>

Feature

Lets you get to the specific router features outside the protocol and network interface processes. Press Space twice after feature to get a list of the features available for your software release.

You need to enable the feature at the Config> prompt before monitoring it. See Feature for the feature numbers, short name, and directions for enabling the features.

Syntax: feature

wrr
mcf

wrr

WAN Reroute (WRR) lets you set up an alternate route so that if a primary link fails, the router automatically initiates a new connection to the destination through the alternate route.

Example: feature wrr

Feature WRR is available but not enabled

mcf

Accesses the MAC filtering (MCF) monitoring prompt (Filter>).

Example: feature mcf

MAC Filtering user console

Filter>

List

Lists status commands.

Syntax: list

boot
buffer
configuration
devices
error
interfaces
memory
queue
services
software
stacks
statistics
uptime
utilization

boot

Displays boot information for your router.

Example: list boot

Booted using Ethernet as 128.185.227.22
Filename loads/last-r30.gt72.ldc
Host 128.185.210.125, Gateway 128.185.227.15


Method of booting	In this example, Ethernet.
Loadname	Name of the file that has the load image.

buffer

Lists the buffer size characteristics for each installed device.

Example: list buffer

              Input Buffers        Buffer sizes                 Bytes
Nt Device   Req Alloc Low Curr   Hdr  Wrap  Data Trail Total    Alloc
0  DEV0      30    30  10   30    16    42  1500    10  1568    47040
1  DEV1       6     6   4    6    14    42  2304     0  2360    14160


Nt	Network interface number associated with the software.
Device	Physical device's name.
Input Buffers:
Req	Number of buffers requested.
Alloc	Number of buffers allocated.
Low	Low water mark (flow control).
Curr	Current number of buffers on this interface. The value is 0 if the interface is disabled. When a packet is received, if the value of Curr is below Low, then the packet is eligible for flow control. See the queue command for conditions.
Buffer Sizes:
Hdr	Sum of the maximum hardware, MAC (Medium Access Control), and data link headers.
Wrap	Allowance given for MAC, LLC, or network layer headers due to protocol wrapping.
Data	Maximum data link layer packet size.
Trail	Sum of the largest MAC and hardware trailers.
Total	Overall size of each packet buffer.
Bytes Alloc	Amount of buffer memory for this interface. This value is determined by multiplying the values of Alloc x Total.

configuration

Displays the overview of the current configuration of the router. The networks list below shows the interfaces within the router.

Example: list configuration

Portable M68360 C Gateway westboro S/N 4022
Netrix Corp. GTX-SECA 5.2.0[X43]
Boot ROM version  V3.10    Watchdog timer enabled    Auto-boot enabled
Time: 17:42:03   Wednesday June 14, 2000       Console baud rate: 9600 Num Name  Protocol
0   IP    DOD-IP
3   ARP   Address Resolution
11  SNMP  Simple Network Management Protocol
27  XTP   X.25 Transport Protocol

Num Name  Feature
2   MCF   MAC Filtering

7 Networks:
Net Interface MAC/Data-Link        Protocol Stack               State
0   Eth/0     Ethernet/IEEE 802.3  ETH0-0                       Up
1   TKR/0     Token-Ring/802.5     TKR1-0                       Down
2   TKR/1     Token-Ring/802.5     TKR1-1                       Down
3   PPP/0     Point to Point       INT3:PPP:DIAL:SL:WAN2-0      Up
4   FR/0      Frame Relay          INT4:FRLANE:FRMGR:SL:WAN2-1  Down
5   PPP/1     Point to Point       INT5:PPP:SL:WAN2-2           Down
6   PPP/2     Point to Point       INT6:PPP:SL:WAN2-3           Down

Note: The exact sequence of information may vary from one router to another.

The configuration display also provides the following information:

The first line displays the type of router, its user configured name, and its software serial number.
The second line displays the version of software that is currently running on the router.
The third line displays the version of the Boot PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) that is currently installed in the router and the current settings of the watchdog timer and autoboot switches.
The fourth line displays the date and time and the console baud rate.

There is a list of configured protocols, features, and networks.

Protocols:

Num

Number associated with the protocol.

Name

Abbreviated name of the protocol.

Protocol

Full name of the protocol.

Features:

Num

Number associated with the feature.

Name

Abbreviated name of the feature.

Feature

Full name of the feature.

Networks:

Net

Network number that the software assigns to the interface. Networks are numbered starting at 0.

Interface

Name of the interface and the connector number on the card that the interface uses.

MAC/
Data-Link

Type of MAC/Data Link configured for that interface.

Protocol
Stacks

The stacks configured on the router.

State

Current state of the network interface.

Testing— The interface is undergoing a self-test. Occurs when you first start the router and when it detects a problem on the interface. Once the interface is on the network, it periodically sends out test packets to ensure that it is still functioning properly. If the test fails, the router removes the interface from the network and runs the self-test to ensure its integrity. If a failure occurs during self-test, the router declares the network to be down. If the self-test is successful, the router declares the network to be up.
Up— The interface is operational and connected.
Down— The interface is not operational and has failed a self-test. The router retests the network at increasing intervals beginning at five seconds, until the router does not test the interface any more (approx. two minutes).
Disabled— The Monitor> disable command or the Config> disable command has temporarily or permanently disabled the interface. The Monitor> disable command is temporary and goes away when the router is re-initialized. The Config> disable command is permanent and stays across router re-initialization. You can enable the network with Monitor> test command.
HW Failure— The bootup diagnostics encountered errors when testing the hardware of this particular interface. You cannot use this interface. Call customer service.
Not installed— Either no interface is present in the router, or the device is improperly configured.

Protocols:
Num	Number associated with the protocol.
Name	Abbreviated name of the protocol.
Protocol	Full name of the protocol.
Features:
Num	Number associated with the feature.
Name	Abbreviated name of the feature.
Feature	Full name of the feature.
Networks:
Net	Network number that the software assigns to the interface. Networks are numbered starting at 0.
Interface	Name of the interface and the connector number on the card that the interface uses.
MAC/ Data-Link	Type of MAC/Data Link configured for that interface.
Protocol Stacks	The stacks configured on the router.
State	Current state of the network interface. Testing— The interface is undergoing a self-test. Occurs when you first start the router and when it detects a problem on the interface. Once the interface is on the network, it periodically sends out test packets to ensure that it is still functioning properly. If the test fails, the router removes the interface from the network and runs the self-test to ensure its integrity. If a failure occurs during self-test, the router declares the network to be down. If the self-test is successful, the router declares the network to be up. Up— The interface is operational and connected. Down— The interface is not operational and has failed a self-test. The router retests the network at increasing intervals beginning at five seconds, until the router does not test the interface any more (approx. two minutes). Disabled— The `Monitor>` disable command or the `Config>` disable command has temporarily or permanently disabled the interface. The `Monitor>` disable command is temporary and goes away when the router is re-initialized. The `Config>` disable command is permanent and stays across router re-initialization. You can enable the network with `Monitor>` test command. HW Failure— The bootup diagnostics encountered errors when testing the hardware of this particular interface. You cannot use this interface. Call customer service. Not installed— Either no interface is present in the router, or the device is improperly configured.

devices

Lists devices.

Example: list devices

Device        Hardware                    CSR      Vector   State
LAN           SCC Ethernet                81600    94       Up
WAN           Basic Rate ISDN             81620    93       Down

error

Displays error statistics for the network. This command provides error counters.

Example: list error

                 Input   Input      Input      Input     Output  Output
Nt Interface  Discards  Errors  Unk Proto  Flow Drop   Discards  Errors
0  Eth/0             0       0        106          0          0       0
1  PPP/0             0       0          0          0          0       0


Nt	Network number associated with an interface.
Interface	Interface name.
Input Discards	Number of packets that the router chose to discard, rather than receive, due to flow control.
Input Errors	Number of packets found to be defective at the data link.
Input Unk Proto	Number of packets received for an unknown protocol.
Input Flow Drop	Number of packets received that are flow controlled on output.
Output Discards	Number of packets that the router chose to discard rather than transmit due to flow control.
Output Errors	Number of output errors, such as attempts to send over a network that is down or over a network that went down during transmission.

Note: The sum of the discarded output packets is not the same as input flow drops over all networks. Discarded output packets may indicate locally originated packets.

interfaces

Displays the statistics for each layer of the protocol stack.

Example: list interfaces

                 Self-Test  Self-Test   Maintenance
 Nt   Interface    Passed     Failed       Failed
 0      Eth/0        1          0            0
 1      TKR/0        0          2285         0
 2      TKR/1        0          2285         0
 3      NULL/0       0          0            0
 4      PPP/1        0          0            0
 5      PPP/2        0          0            0
 6      PPP/3        0          0            0

Note: The screen display varies depending on the router and the device.


Nt	Network number.
Interface	Interface name.
Self-Test Passed	Number of times self-test succeeded (state of interface changes from down to up).
Self-Test Failed	Number of times self-test failed (state of interface changes from up to down).
Maintenance Failed	Number of maintenance failures.

memory

Displays the current CPU memory usage in bytes, the number of buffers, and the packet sizes.

To use this command, free memory must be available. The number of free packet buffers may drop to zero, resulting in the loss of some incoming packets; this does not adversely affect router operations. The number of free buffers should remain constant when the router is idle. If it does not, contact your Customer Service representative.

Example: list memory

               Total   Reserve    Never    Perm     Temp    Prev   Total
                                   Alloc   Alloc    Alloc   Alloc    Free
Heap memory   3616295    157672  3331851  164076   101240   19128 3350979

Number of global buffers: Total = 400, Free = 400, Fair = 103, Low = 80
Global buff size: Data = 2052, Hdr = 82, Wrap = 92, Trail = 30, Total = 2260


Heap memory	Amount of memory used to dynamically allocate data structures.
Buffer memory	Amount of memory allocated to store network packets.
Total	Total amount of space available for allocation for memory.
Reserve	Minimum amount of memory needed by the currently configured protocols and features.
Never Alloc	Memory that has never been allocated.
Perm Alloc	Memory requested permanently by router tasks.
Temp Alloc	Memory allocated temporarily to router tasks.
Prev Alloc	Memory allocated temporarily and returned.
Total Free	The sum of the Never Allocated and Previously Allocated columns, which it the total amount of free memory.
Number of global buffers:
Total	Total number of global buffers in the system.
Free	Number of global buffers available.
Fair	Fair number of buffers for each interface.
Low	Number of free buffers at which the allocation strategy changes to conserve buffers. If the value of Free is less than Low, then buffers are not placed on any queue that has more than the Fair number of buffers in it.
Global buff size:	Global buffer size.
Data	Maximum data link packet size of any interface.
Hdr	Sums of the maximum hardware, MAC, and data link headers.
Wrap	Allowance given for MAC, LLC, or network layer headers due to protocol wrapping.
Trail	Sum of the largest MAC and hardware trailers.
Total	Overall size of each packet buffer.

queue

Displays the packet queues length statistics. Statistics are tracked for each installed device.

Example: list queue

             Input Queue     Output Queue
Nt Device   Alloc Low Curr    Fair Curr
0  DEV0        30  10   30      30    0
1  DEV1         6   4    6       4    0


Nt	Network interface number associated with the software.
Device	Hardware device name.
Input Queue:
Alloc	Number of buffers allocated to this device.
Low	Low water mark for flow control on this device.
Curr	Current number of buffers on this device. The value is 0 if the device is disabled.
Output Queue:
Fair	Fair level for the length of the output queue on this device.
Curr	Number of packets currently waiting to be transmitted on this device. For locally originated packets, the eligibility discard depends on the global low water mark described in the memory command.

The router attempts to keep at least the Low value packets available for receiving over an interface. If the router receives a packet and the value of Curr is less than Low, then the packet is subject to flow control. If a buffer subject to flow control is on this device and the Curr level is greater than Fair, the router drops the buffer instead of queueing. The error command displays the dropped buffer in its Output Discards column.

Due to the scheduling algorithms of the router, the dynamic numbers of Curr (particularly the Input Queue Curr) may not be fully representative of typical values during packet forwarding. The console code runs only when the input queues have been drained. Thus, Input Queue Curr is generally nonzero only when those packets are waiting on slow transmit queues.

services

Lists the services currently enabled on the router.

Example: list services

Service         Description
-------         -----------
DIAL            Dial Serial Interface
FRLANE          Frame Relay LAN Emulation
FRMGR           Frame Relay Manager
FRVC            Frame Relay Virtual Circuit
HSSI            High-Speed Serial Interface
INT3            Interface 3
INT4            Interface 4
INT5            Interface 5
INT6            Interface 6
PPP             Point-to-Point Protocol
SL              Serial Line

software

Shows the software that is currently running in the router.

Example: list software

Copyright 2000, by Netrix Corp.
Copyright Notice:  Copyright 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989 by J. Noel Chiappa
Proprietary Rights Notice: All Rights Reserved.

GTX-SECA Router   Netrix Corp. 5.2.0[X43]
Tue Jun 13 02:29:04 2000 

Packages:
OR543     GTX1000-SEC-PLUS-A
          TCP/IP (RIPV2, Triggered RIP, DHCP client, DHCP server)
          (OSPF, MOSPF, DVMRP)
          Novell - IPX & NLSP
          AppleTalk 2 - (AP2)
          Adaptive Source Routing Transparent Bridge - ASRT
          with NETBIOS Name Caching & Filtering
          SDLC Relay - SRLY
          Multilink PPP with Compression, PAP, CHAP
          Frame Relay
          X.25/XTP
          DIAL
          Network Address Translation - NAT
          WAN Reroute - WRR
          Bandwidth Reservation - BRS
          MAC Filtering - (MCF)
          Border Gateway Protocol - BGP-4
          ISDN
          VPN (IP Tunnel & SKIP): DES, DES3, ARC4/40, ARC4/128

stacks

Displays all of the protocol stacks in the router, whether created manually or automatically.

Example: list stacks

Stack           Creator  State    ID  Service List
-----           -------  -----    --  ------------
BASE-3          Router   Closed    3  SL:SL2-0
FRAME-3         Router   Closed    3  FRMGR:BASE-3
invmux          User     Closed  128  int1:ppp:(sl:wan1)&(sl:wan2)
NET-3           Router   Closed    3  INT3:FRVC:FRAME-3


Stack	Stack name.
Creator	Indicates who defined each protocol stack: the router or the user.
State	Open or closed. Open— Available to accept calls (on dial-oriented WANs such as ISDN), and, if a call is in progress, an open stack can transfer data packets. Closed— Equivalent to a disabled interface. It cannot transfer data packets.
ID	Configuration ID.
xService List	The building blocks used to assemble protocol stacks.

statistics

Displays the summary statistics for all interfaces.

Example: list statistics

Nt Interface   Unicast  Multicast      Bytes    Packets      Bytes
              Pkts Rcv   Pkts Rcv   Received      Trans      Trans
0 Eth/0            0          0          0          0          0
1 PPP/0            0          0          0          0


Nt	Network number associated with an interface.
Interface	Interface name.
Unicast Pkts Rcv	Number of non-multicast, non-broadcast, specifically addressed packets at the MAC layer.
Multicast Pkts Rcv	Number of multicast or broadcast packets received.
Bytes Received	Number of bytes received at this interface at the MAC layer.
Packets Trans	Number of packets of unicast, multicast, or broadcast type transmitted.
Bytes Trans	Number of bytes transmitted at the MAC layer.

uptime

Displays time statistics about the router, including the following:

Number of restarts
Number of known crashes
When the router was last reloaded or restarted
Time elapsed since the last reload
The time elapsed since the last restart

Example: list uptime

1 start, (0 known crashes) Last: Reloaded

Last Reload:   4 hours, 46 minutes ago
Last Restart:  4 hours, 46 minutes ago

utilization

Displays the utilization percentages for the router's interfaces.

Example: list utilization

             Mean Last High Mean Last High
             Xmt  Xmt  Xmt  Rcv  Rcv  Rcv  Total      Total
Nt Interface Util Util Util Util Util Util Traps      Intervals
-- --------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------- ----------
0  Eth/0       0%   0%   0%   0%   0%   0%          0          0
1  TKR/0      22%   9%  47%  13%  15%  30%          0       2867
2  PPP/1      51% 100% 100%  19%  26%  26%        304       5444
3  PPP/2       0%   0%   0%   0%   0%   0%          0          0
4  PPP/3       0%   0%   0%   0%   0%   0%          0          0


Mean values	Averages measured across all recorded intervals.
Total traps	Number of unique SNMP traps, not including the number of duplicate traps.

Network

Puts you in the process for the specified network. This command gets the monitoring prompt for the specified interface. From the prompt, you can display statistical information.

Type list interface at the Monitor> prompt to see the networks for which the router is configured.

                 Self-Test  Self-Test   Maintenance
 Nt   Interface    Passed     Failed       Failed
 0      Eth/0        1          0            0
 1      PPP/0        0          0            0
 2      PPP/1        0          0            0
 3      PPP/2        0          0            0

Type network network number at the Monitor> prompt to display the appropriate prompt for the particular interface.

Syntax: network network #

Example: network 0

ETH>

To exit the interface prompt, type exit. The Monitor> prompt appears.

ETH>exit
Monitor>

Press ctrl p to return to the * prompt.

Protocol

Puts you in the command environment for the protocol software installed in your router. The protocol command followed by the desired protocol number or short name lets you enter a protocol's command environment. After you enter this command, the prompt of the specified protocol appears. From the prompt, you can enter commands specific to that protocol. Table 4 lists the protocol numbers and short names.

To enter a protocol command environment,

1. Type protocol ? to see a list of the protocols configured on your router.

IP
ARP
SNMP
AP2
BRIDGE
HST

2. Type the desired protocol name or number. The prompt of the specified protocol appears. From the prompt, you can type the protocol specific commands.

Protocol name or number [IP]? ip 
IP>

3. Type exit to return to the Monitor> prompt.

IP>exit
Monitor>

Syntax: protocol protocol# or protocol name

Example: protocol ip

IP>

Test

Tests a device or an interface. If a device test is successful, then all interfaces that it hosts are enabled to place or receive calls. If the test of an interface is successful, then the interface is usable by the forwarders.

Syntax: test

device
interface

device

The following example shows the test result for device number 1.

Example: test device

Name of device?wan1
Testing device WAN1...successful

Since the test passed, device number 1 is enabled. Every dial circuit interface that uses device 1 can place or accept calls. If the test fails, then every interface that uses the specified device is automatically disabled.

interface

The following example shows the test result for interface number 1.

Example: test interface

Interface number [0]? 1
Testing net 1 PPP/0...successful

Interface number 1 is tested by resetting any connection that is active between that interface and another remote router. Assuming this interface is configured to make outbound calls, a new connection (call) is placed to reconnect to the remote router.

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Monitoring the System

Entering and Exiting MONITOR

MONITOR Commands

What is MONITOR?

Table 1 MONITOR Command Summary

Change

log

Clear

Disable

command-completion

interface

Enable

command-completion

Feature

wrr

mcf

List

boot

devices

error

interfaces

memory

software

stacks

utilization

Test

device