[Top] [Prev] [Next] [Bottom]

Configuring Booting and Dumping

This document describes how to load files onto the router and how to set up booting and dumping on the router. It includes the following sections:

Validating a Configuration File

Displaying the FTP Server Prompts

What is Boot CONFIG?

The Boot CONFIG commands let you set up how the router boots and how it dumps diagnostic information.

Using Boot CONFIG commands, you can do the following:

Copy router software files and router configuration files to and from the router, locally or remotely.
Set up the boot configuration.
Disable or enable network memory dumping and assign a unique name to the dump files so that you can do an automatic dump without prompts.
List the contents of the IBD.
Erase files from the IBD.

The Router's Integrated Boot Device (IBD)

The router's Integrated Boot Device (IBD) stores files in non-volatile flash memory in a series of banks. The number of banks and the size of each bank depends on your router platform. You can store files such as router software files, configuration files, or certificate files in your router's IBD. If a file fills more than one bank, you need enough available banks to hold the file.

To see the contents of your IBD, enter list ibd at the Boot Config> prompt.

Boot Files

Boot files contain the software to run the router. These files have a .rap extension. When you load these files onto your router, the software upgrades your router's boot code, if necessary, as well as the router software. This lets you upgrade your router software and boot code in a single operation.

The router does not update its boot code if the boot code has not changed since the last time you reloaded the router.

Boot files can reside on the router's IBD or you can retrieve these files from a server or another router that is running FTP or TFTP.

You can set up your boot configuration with boot entries for each boot file you wish to use with the router. Each entry contains the name of a file in the IBD, or it contains the address of the server, the next hop router, the timeout, path, and file name for the boot file.

You can set up these entries with the add boot-entry command. If you are using FTP to load files onto the router, you can alternatively use FTP commands to designate the file from which to boot.

Names for IBD Files

IBD filenames can contain the complete pathname in addition to the filename. For example:

test.cfgor/usr/loads/test.cfg

The router accepts any printable ASCII character as part of the filename, with two exceptions:

The filename cannot begin with a numeric character.
The filename cannot contain an Enter or LF (line feed) character.

We recommend that you avoid using a space character because this character is invisible, which can be confusing for other users.

IBD Considerations When Transferring a File

When transferring a file to a router's IBD, keep in mind that a file may not fit into one bank of the IBD.

If sufficient banks are not available to store a file, a Disk Full message appears on the console, the file is not stored, and the IBD remains unchanged. Any portion of the file that was stored in a bank is removed.

Note: To see a list of available banks, enter list ibd at the Boot Config> prompt.

Deleting Files from the IBD

You can delete files from your IBD using the Delete command at the Boot config> prompt. Or, if you are connected to the router using FTP, you can delete files using the FTP delete command.

Loading Files Using FTP

You can use FTP to load router software from a local or remote computer over either a WAN or LAN connection. To accomplish this, the router contains an FTP server implementation. To use FTP, you run FTP client software on a PC or workstation to your router's FTP server. You can then use FTP commands such as put or delete.

The router's FTP server implementation is designed to emulate the format of a UNIX-based server.

FTP Server

The FTP server has the following requirements and limitations.

Only administrative-level users can access the router's FTP server. You cannot use the FTP server until you add an administrative user on the router. You can set up simple password accounts or challenge/response accounts. See the add user command.
The FTP server has a single directory file system (/). You cannot use additional slashes (/) in your file name.

You can set certain parameters for the router FTP server such as port number, number of simultaneous sessions, and a timeout. See the router's FTP server set command or the FTP Site Commands.

Connecting to the FTP Server

You connect to the router's FTP server as you would any other server. The router prompts you for your user name and password or challenge response.

adonis.nxnetworks.com% ftp 10.7.1.17
Connected to 10.7.1.17.
220 [not configured] FTP server ready (Netrix Corp. GTX-SECA).
(10.7.1.17:guest): adminuser
331 Password required for adminuser.
Password:
230 User adminuser logged in.  Be sure to set file representation type to binary!ftp>

You can display a list of files on the router.

ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Open data connection to 192.168.1.45, 2748.
lrwxrwxrwx 1 admin  admin 0 0 BOOT 
-rwxrwxrwx  1 admin  admin 0 0 CONFIG
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1469 April 14 9:52  entcacert2
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 838 April 14 9:52  entreq
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1772 April 14 9:52  entcertif
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 562 April 14 9:52  entr_req
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1929507 April 14 9:52  gtxseca.rap
Free space available 1703936 bytes

FTP Server Commands

To see a list of standard FTP commands that are implemented in the router's FTP server, enter remotehelp at the ftp> prompt.

ftp> remotehelp
214-The following commands are recognized.
USER    PORT    MODE    RNFR    DELE    SITE    HELP
PASS    TYPE    RETR    RNTO    LIST    SYST    NOOP
QUIT    STRU    STOR    ABOR    NLST    STAT    PWD
214 Specify the command for detailed information.

FTP Site Commands

In addition to the FTP commands above, the router's FTP server supports the following site commands.

ftp> remotehelp site214-The following SITE commands are recognized.    HELP    COPY    RELOAD  RESTART SET214 Specify the command for detailed information.

These commands let you copy files and restart and reload the router. The set command lets you set the file the router uses the next time it boots.

When you enter the site commands, you need to precede the command with the FTP quote command. For example, to restart the router enter

ftp> quote site restart
200 Restart command accepted; restarting the router.

Copying Files Within the Router

Using the quote site copy command you can copy files from the

router config to the IBD: quote site copy config IBDfilename
IBD to the router config: quote site copy IBDfilename config
IBD to the IBD: quote site copy IBDfilename newIBDfilename

BOOT File Link

The router's FTP directory includes two files called BOOT and CONFIG. These are special file links that indicate which file the router uses to boot next time you reload the router and which configuration file the router uses.

In the following example, the router boots using gtx-SECA.rap next time you reload the router.

ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Open data connection to 192.168.1.45, 2748.
lrwxrwxrwx 1 admin  admin 0 0 BOOT -> gtx-SECA.rap
-rwxrwxrwx  1 admin  admin 0 0 CONFIG

You can set the BOOT link using the FTP set boot command accessible via the site command. See Setting the Router to Boot Using the New File. You can also set the BOOT link using the set boot-entry command at the Boot Config> prompt.

To set the CONFIG link, see Using Configuration Files From a Remote Host or Router.

Removing Links

On the FTP server, you cannot remove the BOOT or CONFIG files. You can, however, remove the links to which these files point. To do so, remove the file to which the link points.

For example, to remove the link from BOOT to gtx1000.rap in the following screen, delete the gtx1000.rap file.

ftp> dir 
200 PORT command successful. 
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
total 2 
lrw-rw---- 1 waldemar admin         13 Jan 12 10:25 BOOT -> gtx1000.rap 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 waldemar admin     28988 Jan 12 10:27 CONFIG 
-rw-r--r-- 1 waldemar admin     32570 Jan 12 10:18 gtx.cfg 
-rw-r--r-- 1 waldemar admin   1282854 Jan 12 10:15 gtx1000.rap 
262144 bytes available 226 Transfer complete. 
556 bytes received in 0.06 seconds (9.27 Kbytes/sec) 
ftp> delete gtx1000.rap

Notes:

If the BOOT file is set to a remote file, no link appears.
If the BOOT file is not linked, but a valid boot file exist in the IBD, the router boots using the file in the IBD.

Using FTP to Download a File

This section shows how to use FTP to copy a file to the router and then set up the router to boot using that file.

Note: We recommend that you do not press control-c while FTP commands are running. Doing so disrupts FTP responses.

Copying Files

The following steps show how to copy a file to the router using FTP.

1. Run FTP to the router. You can connect over either a WAN or LAN interface. Enter your user name and password or challenge response.

adonis.nxnetworks.com:/tftpboot/lds> ftp 10.7.1.17
Connected to 10.7.1.17.
220 [not configured] FTP server ready (Netrix Corp. GTX-SECA 9.9.9[X60]).
Name (10.7.1.17:guest): Admin
331 Password required for Admin.
Password: df34st9
230 User Admin logged in.  Be sure to set file representation type to binary!

2. Set the FTP session to binary mode.

ftp> binary
200 Type 8-bit binary OK.

3. Send the file to the router using the FTP put command.

ftp> put gtx-SECA.rap
200 PORT command successful.
150 Open data connection to 192.168.1.45, 2600.
226 Transfer complete

4. To see a list of files on the router, enter the dir command.

ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Open data connection to 192.168.1.45, 2625.
-rwxrwxrwx  1 admin admin 0 0 BOOT
-rwxrwxrwx  1 admin admin 0 0 CONFIG
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1469 April 14 9:30  entcacert2
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 838 April 14 9:30  entreq
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1772 April 14 9:30  entcertif
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 562 April 14 9:30  entr_req
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1929065 April 14 9:30 gtx-SECA.rap
Free space available 1703936 bytes

Setting the Router to Boot Using the New File

The following steps show how to boot the router using the file you just copied to the router.

1. Use the FTP site command to set the router to boot using the new file you just copied to the router.

ftp> quote site set boot gtx-SECA.rap
200 Set boot command successful

Notice that the BOOT file link now points to your new file.

ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Open data connection to 192.168.1.45, 2748.
lrwxrwxrwx 1 admin  admin 0 0 BOOT -> gtx-SECA.rap
-rwxrwxrwx  1 admin  admin 0 0 CONFIG
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1469 April 14 9:52  entcacert2
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 838 April 14 9:52  entreq
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1772 April 14 9:52  entcertif
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 562 April 14 9:52  entr_req
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1929507 April 14 9:52 gtx-SECA.rap
Free space available 1703936 bytes

2. Use the FTP site command to reload the router. The router loads using the new boot file.

ftp> quote site reload
200 Reload command accepted; reloading the router.

Note: Remember that when you reload or restart the router within an FTP session, you lose your FTP connection. We recommend that you close your FTP session immediately after you send the quote site reload or quote site restart command to the router.

Loading Files Using TFTP

The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a file transfer protocol that runs over the Internet UDP protocol. This implementation provides multiple, simultaneous TFTP file transfers between a router's non-volatile configuration memory and remote hosts.

TFTP lets you

Store a configuration file from a router to a server
Copy a configuration file from a server to a router

TFTP transfers involve a client and a server. The client sends a TFTP request onto the network. The router acts as a client when you enter tftp at the Boot config> prompt.

The client can send a copy of the configuration file stored in configuration memory to a TFTP server. Flash is a non-volatile memory storage location for boot PROM updates.

The server is any device, that is a PC, router, or workstation that receives and services TFTP requests. When the router acts as a server, transfers are transparent. Use the ELS subsystem TFTP message log to view the transfer in progress.

A server or a router is not allowed to copy any file into another router's configuration memory or IBD. However, a router can copy a file from another router. To copy a file to a router from another router, use the tftp get command.

Using Configuration Files From a Remote Host or Router

To access configuration files from a remote host or router, enter tftp get at the Boot config> prompt:

Boot config>tftp get 
Enter source filename?128.185.210.125:loads/configs/vl-28.cfg
Enter destination filename? CONFIG             
COPYing from "128.185.210.125:loads/configs/vl-28.cfg" to "CONFIG"
COPY succeeded


source filename?	Specify the remote IP address and the pathname. This is the TFTP host or another router with the file on its IBD.
destination filename?	Accept the default or specify a filename for the new file on the IBD.

Configuring Booting

You can configure more than one boot file in the boot configuration database by specifying the path and name of each boot file (using the add command). This gives you multiple servers. If you have more than one host server, you can use a different host server to boot the router when another host server cannot be reached over the network or when a server times out.

To configure booting,

1. Display the Boot config> prompt.

*config

Config>boot
TFTP Boot/dump configuration

Boot config>

2. Add an address record, specifying from which interface you want the router to boot and the IP address of the interface.

Boot config>add address
Which interface is this address for [0]?1 
New address [0.0.0.0]?10.7.1.8

3. Add a boot entry.

To boot using a file stored in the router's IBD, enter the name of the file.

Boot config>add boot-entry
remote host or IBD load name [0.0.0.0]gtxseca.rap

To boot using a file that resides on a remote host, specify the host address, next hop router, if necessary, and the path and filename on the host.

Boot config>add BOOT-ENTRY
remote host or IBD load name [0.0.0.0] 128.185.12.49
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]? 10.7.1.1
timeout in seconds [10]?
file name? gtx4_0.rap

4. To see a list of your boot entries, enter list boot-entries. Next time you reload the router, the router boots using the first entry.

Boot config>list BOOT-ENTRIES
 1: IBD load "gtx4_0.rap"
 2: "gtx-sec.rap" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs

5. To change boot entry 1 to a different file, use the set boot-entry command. The following example sets the router to boot using boot entry 2.

Boot config>set BOOT-ENTRY
remote host or IBD load name [gtx4_0.rap]? 128.185.123.45
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]? 10.7.1.1
timeout in seconds [10]?
file name [gtx4_0.rap]? gtx-sec.rap

Note: The set boot-entry command replaces the existing boot entry 1 with the boot entry you set using set boot-entry. The above example results in the following boot entries.

Boot config>list boot-entries
 1: "gtx-sec.rap" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs
 2: "gtx-sec.rap" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs

Validating a Configuration File

There are two methods the router uses to validate a file before writing the file to the router's configuration memory:

In the first method, the router assigns an identifier, called a Magic Number, to each platform type for the image that is archived and the image that is being restored. If the numbers do not match, the transfer is aborted and the message Bad Magic Number appears.

Each type of router has a unique identifier that does not let you load an image from one type of router to another.
In the second method, the hostname for the router that originally archived the image is compared to the hostname for the router that is restoring the image. If the hostnames do not match, the transfer is paused until you answer the following message, and then the transfer is completed or cancelled.
```
COPY error -
Got hostname "<hostname>" - is this okay? (Yes or [No]): no
```
This allows you to bring in the configuration from another router even if the hostname does not match. The configuration needs to be the correct type for your router model.

Configuring Dumping

An important feature of the router is its ability to dump the contents of system memory and the processor's registers to another host during a system reset. It can do this whether the reset results from a software crash, a hardware failure, or pressing the reset switch.

Since dump files are for diagnostic purposes only, you should enable the router's dump and unique-naming capabilities only on the advice of your customer service representative.

If you enable the router's dump and unique-naming capabilities, you must create directories on the destination server to contain the boot and dump files.

These directories must reside on a host TFTP server.
The boot directories must be globally readable.
The dump directories must be globally writable.

The boot and dump functions use TFTP. Your TFTP server may impose additional restrictions.

You can configure the router to append a unique character string to the dump filenames automatically. This prevents an existing dump file from being overwritten by subsequent dumps. Unique naming of dump files can, however, cause the server's disk to become full if there are successive dumps. Unique naming may also be incompatible with the security requirements of some TFTP servers. Some servers require that a file already exist on the server to allow writing the dumps.

Configuring Dumping

To configure dumping, do the following from the Boot config> prompt:

1. Add an address. This can be the same as the boot address used in configuring booting.

Boot config>add address
Which interface is this address for [0]?1 
New address [0.0.0.0]?128.185.123.51

2. Add a dump entry. Specify the location of the host or server that is going to receive the dump file. The average size of a dump file is 8 Mbytes.

Boot config>add dump-entry
remote host [0.0.0.0]10.1.153.73 
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]? 128.185.123.3
timeout in seconds [10]?
file name []? c:\dump\techpubs.dmp

Note: You should leave the timeout parameter at its default value of 10. Large values (such as 120 seconds) can prevent dumps from completing.

3. Enable dumping with the enable dumping command. Dumping remains enabled until you use the disable dumping command.

Boot config>enable dumping

Boot CONFIG Commands

This section describes the Boot CONFIG commands.

Press Space twice after you type a command to display the available parameters for each command for your router. Enter help for information about using the command line interface.

Table 1 Boot Config Commands

Command Function

Add Adds an IP address to a specified interface, a host boot entry, or a host dump entry.

Change Changes the boot interface IP address, boot entry data, or dump entry data.

Copy Copies boot files and configuration files to or from configuration memory and the IBD, and also within the IBD.

Delete Removes files from the IBD or lets you erase banks in your IBD.

Describe Displays information about the stored images in the IBD, for router load files only.

Dir Displays the contents of the IBD along with your complete booting and dumping configuration.

Disable Disables memory dump or unique naming of dump files.

Enable Enables memory dump or unique naming of dump files.

List Displays all network boot addresses, all boot and dump entries, and the contents of the IBD.

Load Initiates the reloading of the router from a local IBD file or from a remote host server.

Remove Removes entries from the interface address and boot and dump configuration databases.

Set Sets the IP address of the interface over which the router boots. Sets which boot entry and which dump entry the router uses.

TFTP Initiates TFTP file transfers between router memory or the IBD and remote hosts.

Exit Leaves the Boot CONFIG environment and returns to the CONFIG process.

Table 1 Boot Config Commands
Command	Function
Add	Adds an IP address to a specified interface, a host boot entry, or a host dump entry.
Change	Changes the boot interface IP address, boot entry data, or dump entry data.
Copy	Copies boot files and configuration files to or from configuration memory and the IBD, and also within the IBD.
Delete	Removes files from the IBD or lets you erase banks in your IBD.
Describe	Displays information about the stored images in the IBD, for router load files only.
Dir	Displays the contents of the IBD along with your complete booting and dumping configuration.
Disable	Disables memory dump or unique naming of dump files.
Enable	Enables memory dump or unique naming of dump files.
List	Displays all network boot addresses, all boot and dump entries, and the contents of the IBD.
Load	Initiates the reloading of the router from a local IBD file or from a remote host server.
Remove	Removes entries from the interface address and boot and dump configuration databases.
Set	Sets the IP address of the interface over which the router boots. Sets which boot entry and which dump entry the router uses.
TFTP	Initiates TFTP file transfers between router memory or the IBD and remote hosts.
Exit	Leaves the Boot CONFIG environment and returns to the CONFIG process.

Add

Adds boot/dump parameters to the router's configuration database.

Syntax: add

address
boot-entry
dump-entry

address

The IP address of the interface over which the router can boot or dump. You must supply the value for the following information, or accept the default:

Interface number of the network interface
IP address
Subnet mask

To see a list of interfaces in the router, enter list interfaces at the Config> prompt.

CAUTION:
You must add an address if you want the router to boot or dump over the network.

Notes:

When you add boot entries, you indicate the local network you wish to use; that is, either the host is directly connected or you specify a gateway. The add address command specifies which interface is attached to that local network for the purposes of booting or dumping. This association may be different from when the router is operational.
Multiple boot entries can use the same IP address (interface).
You must enter the add address command if you are using the add boot-entry, add dump-entry, and load remote commands. If you do not configure the local interface first using add address, when you use load remote, the router tells you the first hop is unreachable.

Example: add address

Which interface is this address for [0]? 
New address [0.0.0.0] ? 128.185.1.2
Net mask for this interface [255.255.255.0]?

boot-entry

Specifies the information the router needs to locate the TFTP server and retrieve the boot image file. There are several ways that a router can boot:

If the router is booting using software stored in its IBD, then you must specify the IBD loadname as the first boot entry in the configuration. You can configure more than one boot device.

Obtain the loadname using the list ibd command. The loadname is case-sensitive.
If the router is booting using software stored on a TFTP server, you must specify the IP address of the remote TFTP server.

Note: The TFTP server can be another router with an IBD.
If the TFTP server is on a remote network (not directly connected to the booting router), you must specify the IP address of the next hop (router) towards the server.

Example: add boot-entry

remote host or IBD loadname [0.0.0.0]?  128.185.30.0
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]?  0.0.0.0
timeout in seconds [10]? 
file name [ ]?  /tftpboot/loads/gt.ldc


remote host or IBD loadname?	IP address of the remote host or an IBD loadname. Note: An IBD loadname must start with a letter. Otherwise, the system interprets the string as an IP address.
via gateway?	IP address of the first hop router, if any. If the TFTP server is on a directly connected network, answer 0.0.0.0.
timeout in seconds?	The amount of time the router waits before retransmitting. The default is 3 seconds. You may set this to a longer time over exceptionally slow boot paths.
file name?	The complete directory path and name of the boot file on the TFTP server. (The complete directory path is not necessary on some machines. For example, if the default assumes the path is `/tftpboot/`, which is invisible to you, then if the path is `/tftpboot/loads/name`, you only need to enter loads/name.)

To see a list of the current boot configuration, enter list boot-entries.

Example: list boot-entries

1: "loads/test.ldc" on 128.185.210.125 via 10.1.153.29 for 3 secs
2: IBD load "latest-test1.ldc"

dump-entry

Specifies the IP address of the remote host that receives the dump file(s).

To view a list of the dump configurations, enter list dump-entries.

Note: You should leave the timeout parameter at its default value of 10. Large values (such as 120 seconds) can prevent dumps from completing.

Example: add dump-entry

remote host [0.0.0.0]? 128.185.162.30
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]? 128.185.160.3
timeout in seconds [10]?
file name []? c:\dump\techpubs.dmp


remote host?	IP address of the remote host on which the dump file is stored, usually the same as the boot server.
via gateway?	If the host is on a remote network (not directly connected to the booting router), specify the IP address of the next hop (router) towards the host. If the host is on a directly connected network, answer 0.0.0.0.
timeout in seconds?	Specifies the amount of time the router waits before retransmission takes place. The default is 3 seconds. You may need to increase the time over exceptionally slow boot paths.
file name?	Base dump path and filename (may have unique suffix appended).

Change

Modifies entries in the existing address, boot-entry, and dump-entry information.

Syntax: change

address
boot-entry
dump-entry

address

Changes an existing address for a boot interface or device that was previously added. When you enter the change address command, you must supply the following information:

Address entry number
Interface number of the network interface
IP address
Net mask

The screen displays some of this information, such as the address entry number, when you enter list at the Boot config> prompt. To obtain the interface number (Ifc#), enter list interfaces at the Config> prompt.

Example: change address

Change which entry [1]? 1
Which interface is this address for [0]? 1
New address [192.9.1.1]? 128.185.162.1
Net mask for this interface [255.255.255.0]?

boot-entry

Modifies the configured information about a previously added network boot file. When you enter change boot-entry, you must supply the following information:

Boot entry number
IP address of the remote host
IP address of the first hop router, if any
TFTP retransmission timer value
Boot filename, if different from the current filename

The console displays some of this information, such as the boot entry number, when you enter the list boot-entries command at the Boot config> prompt.

Example: change boot-entry

change which entry [1]? 1
remote host [18.123.0.16]?
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]? 
timeout in seconds [3]?
file name [user/lib/gw/gwimage.ldb]?

dump-entry

Modifies the configured information about a previously added network dump file. When you enter change dump-entry, you must supply the following information:

Dump entry number
IP address of the remote host
IP address of the first hop router, if any
TFTP retransmission timer value
Base boot filename, if different from the current filename

Enter list dump-entries at the Boot config> prompt to see this information.

Example: change dump-entry

change which entry [1]? 1
remote host [18.123.0.16]?
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]?
timeout in seconds [3]?
file name [user/lib/gw/gwimage.ldb]? c:\dump\Ollie.dmp

Copy

Copies boot files and configuration files to and from the IBD and configuration memory. You can also copy files within the IBD using the FTP quote site copy command.

The router cannot be in Config-only mode when you use this command.

You can do the following when using the copy command:

Ctrl P Display the * prompt.
Ctrl C Cancel the copy command.

Syntax: copy

config
<IBD file-name> config
<IBD file-name> <new IBD file-name>

When copying a file to the IBD, if there are not enough available banks, the message COPY error - TFTP Disk Full or IBD full appears on the console.

config

The following example shows how to copy a file from configuration memory to the IBD.

Example: copy

Enter source filename? config
Enter destination filename? gt70.cfg

<file-name> config

Copies a file from the IBD to configuration memory.

Example: copy vl-28.cfg

Enter destination filename? config

<IBD file-name> <new IBD file-name>

Copies a file within the IBD.

Example: copy

Enter source filename? gtx-SECA.rap
Enter destination filename? newgtx-SECA.rap
COPYing from "gtx-SECA.rap" to "newgtx-SECA.rap"
COPY succeeded

Delete

Removes files from the IBD or lets you erase banks in your IBD. When you erase banks from your IBD, you can enter a single bank number or a range of bank numbers. When you delete a file from the IBD, the router compacts the IBD banks. This makes all empty banks contiguous and available for holding new files. You may notice a slight delay during the compacting process.

To see a list of files in your IBD along with a list of what each bank contains, enter list ibd at the Boot config> prompt.

If you are connected to the router using FTP, you can enter the FTP dir command to see a list of files in the IBD. However, this command does not show the contents of each bank.

Syntax: delete

The following example erases all files in banks 30 through 59.

Note: If you use this method of deleting files, you must erase all banks that a file uses.

Example: delete

Loadname or Bank Number:30-59
Are you sure you want to erase banks 30 - 59 ? (Yes or [No]): y
Erasing flash please wait ... 

Compacting flash please wait ...

The following example deletes the file gtxseca.rap from the IBD.

Example: delete

Loadname or Bank Number:gtxseca.rap
Erasing flash please wait ... 

Compacting flash please wait ...

Describe

Displays information about a stored image in the IBD.

Syntax: describe loadname

Displays the following information about the specified loadname:

Copyright
Supported protocols, features, and data-link types

Example: describe gt70.ldc

OpenROUTE(tm) Software
OpenROUTE is a registered trademark of Netrix Corp.

Copyright Notices:
Copyright 1985-2000 by Netrix Corp., All rights reserved
Copyright 1984-1987, 1989 by J. Noel Chiappa

Proprietary Rights Notice: All Right Reserved.

GTX-SECA Router   OpenROUTE (tm) 9.9.9
Thu Nov  4 07:30:24 2000

Packages:
  GTX-SECA
            TCP/IP (RIPV2, Triggered RIP, DHCP client, DHCP server)
                   (OSPF, MOSPF, DVMRP)
                   (Web Config)
            Multilink PPP with Compression, PAP, CHAP
            Frame Relay
            X.25/XTP
            DIAL
            Network Address Translation - NAT
            Secure Filters
            Bandwidth Reservation - BRS
            Border Gateway Protocol - BGP-4
            ISDN
            VPN - IPSec : DES, 3DES, Blowfish, DH 768/1024/1536

Dir

Displays the contents of the IBD along with all boot and dump configuration data. The router displays owner names of the files as follows:

When you put files to the IBD using FTP, the owner is listed as "user name admin."
When you copy files to the IBD using TFTP or the copy command and console log is turned off, the owner is listed as "unknown admin."
When you copy files to the IBD using TFTP or the copy command and console log is turned on, the owner is listed as "user name admin."
User names longer than 19 characters are truncated.

Example: dir

Files:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 admin  admin 0 0 BOOT -> gtx-SECA.rap
-rwxrwxrwx  1 admin  admin 0 0 CONFIG
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1469 April 14 16:36  entcacert2
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 838 April 14 16:36  entreq
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1772 April 14 16:36  entcertif
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 562 April 14 16:36  entr_req
Free space available 3670016 bytes

Interface Addresses:
1: 10.7.1.17 on interface 0, mask 255.255.255.0

Boot files:
1: IBD load "gtx-SECA.rap"
2: "newfile" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs
3: "anotherfile" on 128.185.123.45 via 0.0.0.0 for 10 secs
4: IBD load "bootentry2"

BOOTP over interface(s): 0
Dumping disabled
Unique-naming disabled
Dump to:
 1: "dumpfile" on 192.168.1.45 via 10.10.1.5 for 0 secs

Disable

Disables network memory dumping and the unique naming of dump files.

Syntax: disable

dumping
unique-naming

dumping

Suppresses a memory dump to the network when a system failure occurs. Dumping is disabled as the default setting.

Example: disable dumping

unique-naming

Suppresses the automatic unique naming of dump files. After entering this command, enter list all at the Boot config> prompt to verify the unique-naming setting. Unique naming is disabled as the default.

Example: disable unique-naming

Enable

Enables memory dumping and the unique naming of dump files.

Syntax: enable

dumping
unique-naming

dumping

Enables a memory dump to the network when a system failure occurs. The command turns on the dump operation using the data supplied with add dump-entry. Enable dumping only if the router is experiencing problems of unknown origin. Dump files can be very large and consume large amounts of disk space. Further, it takes considerable time to transfer large dump files to the dump host.

Dumping is enabled until you enter disable dumping.

Example: enable dumping

unique-naming

Enables the automatic unique naming of dump files. Adds a random suffix (hexadecimal) between 1 and 5 characters to the configured dump filename during a dump.

If you need more than one instance of the dump file, enable the unique-naming feature. Avoid filling disk storage space with unneeded dump files. Some UNIX hosts are not capable of accepting this feature.

Dump files include unique names until you enable disable unique-naming.

Example: enable unique-naming

Exit

Returns to the previous command level. For example, if you are at the Boot config> prompt and enter exit, you go back to the Config> prompt.

Syntax: exit

Example: exit

Config>

List

Displays the current boot and dump configuration database and the contents of the IBD.

Syntax: list

addresses
all
boot-entries
dump-entries
disk
ibd

addresses

Displays the IP addresses and subnet masks of all of the network boot interfaces set up with add address.

Example: list addresses

Interface addresses:
1: 192.9.1.1 on interface 0, mask 255.255.255.252
2: 192.9.223.39 on interface 5, mask 255.255.255.0

all

Displays the contents of the IBD along with all boot and dump configuration data and the current settings for the dump and unique-naming capabilities.

Example: list all

Files:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 admin  admin 0 0 BOOT -> gtx-SECA.rap
-rwxrwxrwx  1 admin  admin 0 0 CONFIG
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1469 April 14 16:36  entcacert2
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 838 April 14 16:36  entreq
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 1772 April 14 16:36  entcertif
-rw-r--r--  1 admin admin 562 April 14 16:36  entr_req
Free space available 3670016 bytes

Interface Addresses:
1: 10.7.1.17 on interface 0, mask 255.255.255.0

Boot files:
1: IBD load "gtx-SECA.rap"
2: "newfile" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs
3: "anotherfile" on 128.185.123.45 via 0.0.0.0 for 10 secs
4: IBD load "bootentry2"

BOOTP over interface(s): 0
Dumping disabled
Unique-naming disabled
Dump to:
 1: "dumpfile" on 192.168.1.45 via 10.10.1.5 for 0 secs

boot-entries

Displays the boot file configuration setup with add boot-entry.

Example: list boot-entries

1: /usr/lib/gw/this-dn.ldb on 192.9.1.2 via 0.0.0.0 for 3 secs  
2: /usr/lib/gw/this.ldb on 192.9.2.2 via 192.9.1.4 for 3 scs  
3: IBD load "test"

dump-entries

Displays the dump file configuration set up with add dump-entry.

Example: list dump-entries

1: "dumps/rbx-51.dmp" on 128.185.210.125 via 128.185.123.28 for 3 secs

ibd

Displays the contents of the IBD. This is like the information you get when you enter boot information at the Montior> prompt. It displays

Name of the file
Server from which the file was loaded
Erased and faulty banks of the IBD, along with the faulty chips, if necessary

Example: list ibd

Banks 1-9 contain load "gtx.rap" which uses 545421 bytes
     Loaded using TFTP over IP
     Filename gtx.rap
     Host 128.185.1.11
Banks 10-14 have been erased

Load

Copies the boot file into the router's main memory from either a local or remote source. Typing load at the Boot config> prompt is an alternative to typing reload at the * prompt.

Syntax: load

local
remote

local

Transfers a load file previously stored in the router's IBD to the router's memory. The loadname is case-sensitive and must match one of the loadnames stored in the IBD.

You must have a load file in the IBD to use load local successfully.

Note: If the software does not find the load file, it goes into the boot monitor and does an autoboot or manual boot, depending on the setting of your boot switch.

Example: load local

Loadname:gtx-SECA.rap
Are you sure you want to reload the gateway?(Yes or [No]): y

PROM Load/Dump Program * Revision: 3.00 *
Copyright 1985-2000 Netrix Corp. All rights reserved

Loading using IBD Load Image "gtx-SECA.rap"
-
Starting at 80500000
Wrapper Extractor Program * Revision: 1.00 *
Copyright 1985-2000 Netrix Corp. All rights reserved

Loading using IBD Load Image "gtx-SECA.rap"       
------------------------------
Starting at 8003000

remote

Loads a file from a remote TFTP server into configuration memory. If the local router's interface is not configured first using the add address command, the router tells you the first hop is unreachable. To perform a remote load:

: 1. If your router has a boot switch, make sure the boot switch on the router is set to the auto position.
: 2. Enter load remote at the Boot config> prompt and enter the remote host address, remote pathname, first hop address, and TFTP timeout value after the prompts.
: 3. A prompt then asks you to confirm the reload. Enter yes to load the file from the remote host.

Example: load remote

Remote Host Address[0.0.0.0]? 128.185.210.125
Remote Pathname[ ]? /loads/gt70.ldc
First Hop Address[0.0.0.0]? 128.185.208.38
TFTP Timeout Value[3]?
Are you sure you want to reload the gateway(Yes or No): yes


Remote Host Address	IP address of the host containing the boot file.
Remote Pathname	Pathname and filename of the boot file you want to load.
First Hop Address	The address of the first-hop router that routes to other networks. Specify if the remote host address is not on a directly-connected network; if it is, use the 0.0.0.0 default.
TFTP Timeout Value	The time interval between TFTP packet retransmissions. You may need a value longer than the default value of 3 to boot over slow networks or serial lines.

Remove

Removes entries from the interface address, BOOTP interface, and boot and dump configuration databases.

Syntax: delete

address
boot-entry
dump-entry

address

Removes an interface address entry from the boot and dump configuration database.

When you enter remove address, a prompt appears for the entry you want to delete. To see address entry numbers, enter list addresses at the Boot config> prompt.

To verify the deletion, enter list addresses.

Example: remove address

delete which entry [1]? 2

boot-entry

Removes a boot entry from the boot and dump configuration database. To find your boot entry number, enter list boot-entries at the Boot config> prompt. The boot-entry number is the first number that appears on each line.

Example: remove boot-entry

delete which entry [1]? 2

dump-entry

Removes a dump entry from the boot and dump configuration database. To see a list of dump entries, enter list dump-entries at the Boot config> prompt. The dump-entry number is the first number that appears on each line.

Example: remove dump-entry

delete which entry [1]? 1

Set

Sets the IP address of the interface over which the router boots. Sets which boot entry the router uses to boot. Sets which dump entry the router uses to dump.

Syntax: set

address
boot-entry
dump-entry

address

Sets the IP address of the interface over which the router can boot or send dump files.

Example: set address

Which interface is this address for [0]?
New address [10.7.1.17]?
Net mask for this interface [255.255.255.0]?

boot-entry

Sets the boot entry the router uses next time it boots. To see your existing boot entries, enter list boot-entries. Next time you reload the router, the router boots using the first entry.

Boot config>list BOOT-ENTRIES
 1: IBD load "gtx4_0.rap"
 2: "gtx-sec.rap" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs

To change boot entry 1 to a different file, use the set boot-entry command. The following example sets the router to boot using boot entry 2.

Example: set boot-entry

remote host or IBD load name [gtx4_0.rap]? 128.185.123.45
via gateway (0.0.0.0 if none) [0.0.0.0]? 10.7.1.1
timeout in seconds [10]?
file name [gtx4_0.rap]? gtx-sec.rap

Note: The set boot-entry command replaces the existing boot entry 1 with the boot entry you set using set boot-entry. The above example results in the following boot entries.

Boot config>list boot-entries
 1: "gtx-sec.rap" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs
 2: "gtx-sec.rap" on 128.185.123.45 via 10.7.1.1 for 10 secs

dump-entry

Sets the dump entry the router uses.

Example: set dump-entry

change which entry [1]?

TFTP

Initiates TFTP file transfers between a remote host and the router's non-volatile configuration memory or IBD. Lets you store a file in or retrieve it from a TFTP server or a router with an IBD.

The router acts as a TFTP client. The remote host is any device (for example, router, workstation, PC) running IP and acting as a TFTP server. The router cannot be in Config-only mode.

Typing tftp get and tftp put locks the CONFIG process for the duration of the operation. You can do the following:

Ctrl P Display the * prompt.
Ctrl C Cancel the TFTP operation.

Note: Do not press the reset switch or power off the router while it is performing tftp get. Doing this leaves the destination memory in an inconsistent and invalid state. That is, you get a portion of a configuration or load and it looks like it is valid.

Syntax: tftp

get
put

get

Initiates a request to a TFTP server to transfer a file from the remote host to the router. The server sends individual data packets and the client acknowledges their receipt until the transfer is complete.

TFTP transfer complete,  Status: OK

If the TFTP transfer is unsuccessful, a detailed error message appears on the screen. While transferring a file to CONFIG, the following message appears on the screen:

Updating CONFIG:  Do Not Interrupt!

If you attempt to transfer a file to an IBD and there is not enough room on the IBD, the following message appears:

No Free IBD Bank

Erase one or more banks to make room.

CAUTION:
Do not reset or power off the router while the updating of the configuration memory is in progress. This can corrupt the data in the configuration memory, forcing you to reconfigure the router.

Syntax: tftp get

Example: tftp get

Enter local filename [CONFIG]?
Enter remote host's IP address or name in host table? 128.185.227.58
Enter path/filename of file on remote host []? configs/v1-28.cfg          
TFTP transfer complete, status: OK


Enter local filename?	The name that you want the transferred file to have on the local router. Specify the complete pathname if you are transferring the file to the IBD. Filenames cannot begin with a digit. The default is CONFIG.
Enter remote host's IP address of name in host table?	The address of the remote host with the file to transfer. The Magic Number stored in the file is compared to the number in static memory. This prevents cross loading non-volatile memories between types of routers.
Enter path/filename of file on remote host?	The unique name of the file on the remote host. Specify the complete pathname. It is case-sensitive. The hostname must match the hostname in the archive file. Filenames cannot begin with a digit. The default is the ASCII representation of one of the host's IP addresses in hexadecimal.

put

Transfers a file to the server from the router. The server acknowledges the request and the client transfers the file. This cycle continues until the transfer is complete and the following message appears:

TFTP transfer complete,  Status: OK

To transfer a file into another router's configuration memory or IBD, log into the destination router and enter tftp get.

To transfer a router's configuration file into the router's configuration memory, enter tftp get or copy commands at the Boot config> prompt.

Syntax: tftp put local filename remote host address path/filename

Example: tftp put

Enter local filename [CONFIG]? IBD/GT70.ldc
Enter remote host's IP address or name in host table? 128.185.227.58
Enter path/filename of file on remote host []? gt70.ldc  
TFTP transfer complete, status: OK


Enter local filename?	The name of the local file that you are transferring. CONFIG is a filename that refers to the router's non-volatile memory. Filenames cannot begin with a digit.
Enter remote host's IP address or name in host table?	The IP address of the remote host and filename to be used to store the CONFIG file on the remote host.
Enter path/filename of file on remote host?	The unique name of the file on the remote host. Specify the complete pathname. It is case-sensitive. The hostname must match the hostname in the archive file. Filenames cannot begin with a digit. The default is the ASCII representation of one of the host's IP addresses in hexadecimal.

If you try to put a configuration file on another router's IBD, the result is an access violation.

To cancel a TFTP transaction, press Ctrl C. Enter yes.

Are you sure (Yes or No):yes

The tftp command generates the following error messages:


Error Message	Meaning
Unknown Error	Protocol failure.
File Not Found	Specified host file does not exist.
Access Violation	File protection error.
Disk Full	File system full during write.
Illegal Operation	Undefined TFTP operation requested.
Unknown TID	Unexpected TFTP packet received.
File Already Exists	File already exists.
No Such User	TFTP not supported on host.
Bad Magic Number	Configuration file from a different type of router.

Displaying the FTP Server Prompts

To display the FTP Server configuration prompt (FTP Server Config>),

1. At the Config> prompt, enter protocol ip to display the IP configuration prompt.

Config>protocol IP
IP config>

2. Enter ftp.

IP config>ftp
FTP Server Config>

To display the FTP Server monitoring prompt (FTP Server>),

1. At the Montior> prompt, enter protocol ip to display the IP monitoring prompt.

Montior>protocol IP
IP>

2. Enter ftp.

IP>ftp
FTP Server>

FTP Server Commands

This section describes the router's FTP server commands.

Press Space twice after you type a command to display the available options for each command. Enter help for information about using the command line interface.

[C] means the command is available at the FTP Server Config> prompt.

[M] means the command is available at the FTP Server> prompt.

Table 2 FTP Server Commands

Command Function

List [C] [M] Displays your FTP server configuration.

Set [C] Sets the port number on which the FTP server listens, the number of simultaneous FTP sessions you can run, and a timeout period for sessions.

Status [M] Displays the current status of the router's FTP server.

Table 2 FTP Server Commands
Command	Function
List [C] [M]	Displays your FTP server configuration.
Set [C]	Sets the port number on which the FTP server listens, the number of simultaneous FTP sessions you can run, and a timeout period for sessions.
Status [M]	Displays the current status of the router's FTP server.

List [C] [M]

Displays your FTP server configuration.

Syntax: list

Example: list

FTP Server Configuration
  Port = 21, Max Sessions = 4, Timeout = 300 sec

Set [C]

Sets the port number on which the FTP server listens, the number of simultaneous FTP sessions you can run, and a timeout period for sessions.

Syntax: set

port
sessions
timeout

port

For security reasons, you may want to change the default port on which the server listens to other than 21.

The valid range is 1 to 65535. The default is 21.

Example: set port = 99

sessions

Sets the maximum number of simultaneous FTP sessions to the router's FTP server. For better control over remote loading and booting, you may want to limit the number of sessions allowed to 1. The default value allows up to 4 sessions.You can have up to 8 sessions.

Example: set sessions

Maximum simultaneous sessions.  
Enter a number from 1 to 8 (inclusive)  
The default is 4

timeout

If the server does not hear from the client during the timeout period, it disconnects the session. The valid range is 60 to 600 seconds. The default is 300 seconds.

Example: set timeout

Timeout waiting for user command (seconds).  
Enter a number from 60 to 600 (inclusive)  
The default is 300

Status [M]

Displays the current status of the router's FTP server.

Syntax: status

Example: status

ClientAddress    IdleTime  DataConnection        User

192.168.1.45     0         192.168.1.45:2674     sqa


ClientAddress	The IP address
IdleTime	The number of seconds the session has been idle.
DataConnection	The IP address and the port to which the data connection is established for file transfer.
User	The name of the user currently connected to the FTP server.

[Top] [Prev] [Next] [Bottom]